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Production of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (interstitial collagenase) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (gelatinase A: 72 kDa gelatinase) by ovine endometrial cells in vitro: different regulation and preferential expression by stromal fibroblasts

Ovine endometrial cells (epithelial plus stromal), prepared from ovariectomized ewes treated with oestrogen and progesterone to mimic the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle were maintained in serum-free medium for 48 h in the presence or absence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 100 nmol l^–1), a known stimulus for production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in other cells. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1, interstitial collagenase) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2, gelatinase A) activities were expressed by the cells in the absence of PMA; most were in the latent form and required activation by (4-aminophenyl) mercuric acetate (APMA). Exposure to PMA over 48 h resulted in a significant increase in MMP-1 activity but only a modest and nonsignificant increase in MMP-2 activity. Gelatin zymography demonstrated that proMMP-2 (72 kDa) was produced by both PMA-treated and untreated cells and an active form of 67 kDa was also present. Immunolocalization of MMP-1 and MMP-2 was seen within the cells following treatment with monensin. Highly purified epithelial and stromal cells were similarly cultured and analysis of the conditioned medium showed that MMP-1 and MMP-2 were produced predominantly by stromal rather than epithelial cells. Thus, both MMP-1, which degrades interstitial collagens, and MMP-2, an important enzyme for degradation of type IV and V collagens, are synthesized and released by ovine endometrial stromal cells in culture, but MMP-1 is produced primarily upon stimulation, whereas MMP-2 production is constitutive. It is postulated that these enzymes have important roles in endometrial remodelling and implantation.

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