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Requirement for glucose in ligand-stimulated meiotic maturation of cumulus cell-enclosed mouse oocytes

Summary. In this study, the effect of different energy sources used in Eagle's minimum essential medium on the meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes in culture was examined. The effects of glucose (5·5 mmol l^–1), pyruvate (0·23 mmol l^–1) and glutamine (2 mmol l^–1) in different combinations were tested on the maturation of denuded oocytes in the presence or absence of 300 µmol dibutyryl cAMP l^–1 during 17–18 h of culture. In the absence of cyclic nucleotide, only oocytes from those groups containing pyruvate resumed maturation at a high frequency (99–100% germinal vesicle breakdown); all other combinations resulted in 54% germinal vesicle breakdown. When dibutyryl cAMP was introduced, all pyruvate-containing groups exhibited maturation frequencies of about 50%, whereas maturation in all other groups was negligible (10% GVB). Pyruvate was also important for the maintenance of viability in denuded oocytes ( 86% viability in pyruvate-containing medium; 35% viability in pyruvate-free groups). When cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes were cultured in medium without inhibitor, all combinations of energy substrates supported high frequencies of maturation (89% germinal vesicle breakdown) and viability (91%). The addition of dibutyryl cAMP resulted in inhibition of meiotic maturation (5–33% germinal vesicle breakdown) in all cultures except the pyruvate-alone group (97% germinal vesicle breakdown). Viability in cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes was greatest when two or more energy substrates were present in the medium. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) produced a stimulation of meiotic maturation in all cultures of meiotically arrested cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes, but maximal induction of germinal vesicle breakdown was dependent upon D-glucose. Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced meiotic maturation was also dependent upon D-glucose. Uptake and metabolism of D-glucose by the cumulus cells is important in mediating the stimulatory effects of these ligands on oocyte maturation because (1) both FSH and ConA stimulated uptake of D-glucose and 2-deoxyglucose but not 3-O-methylglucose; (2) phloretin prevented the stimulatory action of FSH and ConA on germinal vesicle breakdown at a concentration that suppressed ligand-induced uptake of D-glucose; (3) 2-deoxyglucose, a hexose that suppresses glycolysis, prevented the induction of meiotic maturation by FSH and ConA and (4) D-mannose, a glycolysable sugar, was as effective as D-glucose in supporting the ligand effects. Thus, while pyruvate appeared to be most effective in supporting the spontaneous maturation of denuded oocytes, the presence of D-glucose is important in cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes for both the maintenance of meiotic arrest and ligand-induced meiotic maturation.

Keywords: glucose; oocyte maturation; mouse

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