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Summary. Oestrogen action in the uterus is expressed in an early phase (Phase I) and a late phase (Phase II). The role of this biphasic oestrogen action in implantation is not clear. To determine the relative importance of Phase I and II responses, triphenylethylene compounds (CI-628, LY-117018, nafoxidine, clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen) and oestrogens (oestriol and oestradiol-17β) were used in a physiologically relevant experimental system for studying implantation. All compounds elicited uterine water imbibition to various degrees in ovariectomized–progesterone-treated mice at 6 h (Phase I response) and their effectiveness in inducing implantation in delayed implanting mice correlated with their respective potency to increase uterine wet weight. This suggests that Phase I might be an essential component of oestrogen action in implantation and that the efficiency of a compound to elicit a Phase I response might serve as a predictive indicator of its potential action on implantation.
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