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Summary. Graafian follicles from rats treated for 1 or 2 days with pentobarbitone sodium (Nembutal) were similar in appearance to pro-oestrous preovulatory follicles, but after 3 or 4 days of treatment early atretic changes were recognized. Ovulatory efficiency decreased to 88, 70, 52 and 31% after 1, 2, 3 and 4 days of treatment, respectively. The mean ± s.e.m. rate of accumulation (ng/follicle/24 h) of progesterone, androstenedione and oestradiol was 3·6 ± 0·7, 4·0 ± 0·3 and 18·9 ± 3·9 respectively in preovulatory follicles and 10·2 + 1·7, 0·9 ± 0·1 and 1·9 ± 0·4 respectively in follicles explanted from rats treated for 4 days with Nembutal. Addition of LH (5 µg/ml) to the culture medium stimulated steroid accumulation by both types of follicles. Thus atretic follicles are characterized by impaired androgen and oestradiol formation. Addition of testosterone (1 µg/ml) to the culture medium increased the accumulation of oestradiol by atretic follicles. It is inferred that the early stages of atresia of rat follicles are distinguished by a deficiency in the activity of enzymes responsible for the conversion of progesterone to androgens that can serve as substrates for aromatization.
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