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Scanning electron microscopy of the vitelline membrane of the hen ovum

Summary. Manual removal of the perivitelline layer overlying the animal pole (AP) reveals three morphologically distinct regions of the vitelline membrane (VM). (1) The central germinal region is 600–800 µm in diameter and is densely populated with pleomorphic microvillous projections. (2) The periblastic region, which also exhibits microvillous projections, is 250–550 µm wide and consists of numerous (80–120) lacunae that are 10–60 µm in diameter and up to 20 µm in depth. (3) At the outer periblastic region, the microvillous projections are less numerous. In the vegetal hemisphere, the VM has few projections and occasionally is discontinuous.