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Relationship between sexual skin colour of female rhesus monkeys and midcycle plasma levels of oestradiol and progesterone

Certain Old World primates show marked and systematic changes in colour and area of the perineal or sexual skin which are thought to reflect endocrine condition (Young & Orbison, 1944; Bullock, Paris & Goy, 1972). In the rhesus monkey, definite colour changes occur, but they are subtle and have been difficult to relate to reproductive state (Hartman, 1932; Valerio, Pallota & Courtney, 1969). However, Czaja, Eisele & Goy (1975) have reported a distinct midcycle alteration from the maximum skin coloration found during ovulatory menstrual cycles of rhesus monkeys. The association of ovulation with plasma oestrogen levels (Yamaji et al., 1971; Weick et al., 1973) and the increase in intensity of the colour of the sex skin in oestrogen-treated ovariectomized rhesus females (Allen, 1927; Michael & Saayman, 1968) suggest that midcycle colour changes in the intact female rhesus may provide a simple way of estimating the time of ovulation. Concurrent determinations were therefore made of skin coloration and circulating steroid levels in adult female rhesus monkeys.

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