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Hormonal and follicular factors affecting maturation of sheep oocytes in vitro and their subsequent developmental capacity

Summary. Oocytes removed from, or retained within, non-atretic and atretic follicles of different sizes were cultured for 24 h in the presence of a variety of hormones in an attempt to identify the factors affecting oocyte maturation in vitro. Resumption of meiosis was assessed morphologically; the developmental capacity of oocytes after culture was determined by transfer to the oviducts of inseminated ewes.

About 70% of oocytes cultured after removal from follicles of different sizes resumed meiosis in vitro, but they did not undergo normal development after transplantation.

Oocytes cultured within the follicle in hormone-free medium remained at the germinal vesicle stage. In the presence of FSH and LH some oocytes reached the second meiotic metaphase: 19% in small (2–3 mm diam.) and 73% in larger (3–5 mm diam.) non-atretic follicles, and 54% in small and 45% in larger atretic follicles.

Less than 5% of oocytes cultured in follicles developed into normal blastocysts after transplantation when either no hormone or only FSH and LH were added to the culture medium. The addition of oestradiol-17β to medium containing FSH (2 µg/ml) and LH (1 µg/ml) resulted in the development to blastocysts of 26% of oocytes from small non-atretic follicles, 46% from large non-atretic follicles and 50% from atretic follicles. Blastocyst formation was greatly depressed and fragmentation rate significantly increased with concentrations of 10 µg FSH/ml and 2 µg LH/ml.

Developmental capacity after culture was further demonstrated by the birth of lambs from 63% of blastocysts derived from oocytes matured in vitro; 52% of control blastocysts developed to lambs after transfer.

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