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THE EFFECT ON COW EMBRYOS OF COOLING TO 20, 0 AND –196°C

Agricultural Research Council Unit of Reproductive Physiology and Biochemistry, 307 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge

(Received 24th March 1975)

Successful techniques of freezing and thawing have recently been developed for embryos of the mouse (Whittingham et al., 1972; Wilmut, 1972a) and rabbit (Bank & Maurer, 1974; Whittingham & Adams, 1974). The proportion of embryos which survived was very high and normal young have been born for both species. Experiments on freezing and thawing the embryos of farm animals have been more limited, and although some success has been achieved with cow (Wilmut & Rowson, 1973b) and sheep (Willadsen et al., 1974) embryos high survival rates have not yet been obtained.

When 8- to 16-celled cow embryos were subjected to a variety of methods of freezing and thawing similar to those which have been successful in the mouse and rabbit, only 2/111 developed normally when transferred to a rabbit oviduct for 48 to

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