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RESEARCH |
1 Newcastle Fertility Centre at Life, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4EP, UK, 2 School of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Framlington Place, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK and 3 School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences, The Medical School, Framlington Place, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
Correspondence should be addressed to HA Homer or M Herbert, Newcastle Fertility Centre at Life, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4EP, UK; Email: mary.herbert{at}ncl.ac.uk or h.a.homer{at}newcastle.ac.uk
Mad2 is a pivotal component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) which inhibits anaphase promoting complex/cyclo-some (APC/C) activity by sequestering Cdc20 thereby regulating the destruction of securin and cyclin B. During mitosis, spindle depolymerisation induces a robust Mad2-dependent arrest due to inhibition of securin and cyclin B destruction. In contrast to mitosis, the molecular details underpinning the meiosis I arrest experienced by mouse oocytes exposed to spindle depolymerisation remain incompletely characterised. Notably, the role of Mad2 and the fate of the anaphase-marker, securin, are unexplored. As shown previously, we find that spindle depolymerisation by nocodazole inhibits first polar body extrusion (PBE) and stabilises cyclin B and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 activity in mouse oocytes. Here we show that stabilisation of cyclin B in nocodazole can be sustained for several hours and is associated with stabilisation of securin. These effects are SAC-mediated as, in oocytes depleted of the majority of Mad2 by morpholino antisense, securin and cyclin B are destabilised and 15% of oocytes undergo PBE. This reflects premature APC/C activation as a mutant form of cyclin B lacking its APC/C degradation signal is stable in Mad2-depleted oocytes. Moreover, homologues do not disjoin during the prolonged meiosis I arrest (> 18 h) induced by nocodaozole indicating that a non-cleavage mechanism is insufficient on its own for resolution of arm cohesion in mammalian oocytes. In conclusion, when all kinetochores lack attachment and tension, mouse oocytes mount a robust Mad2-dependent meiosis I arrest which inhibits the destruction of securin and cyclin B.
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