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Reproduction (2004) 127 431-439
DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00169
Copyright © 2004 Society for Reproduction and Fertility
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REVIEW

The cytosolic sperm factor that triggers Ca2+ oscillations and egg activation in mammals is a novel phospholipase C: PLC{zeta}

K Swann1, M G Larman1,2, C M Saunders2 and F A Lai2

1 Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK and 2 Cell Signalling Laboratory, Wales Heart Research Institute, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK

Correspondence should be addressed to K Swann; Email: ucgakas{at}ucl.ac.uk

When sperm activate eggs at fertilization the signal for activation involves increases in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. In mammals the Ca2+ changes at fertilization consist of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations that are driven by the generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3). It is not established how sperm trigger the increases in InsP3 and Ca2+ at fertilization. One theory suggests that sperm initiate signals to activate the egg by introducing a specific factor into the egg cytoplasm after membrane fusion. This theory has been mainly based upon the observation that injecting a cytosolic sperm protein factor into eggs can trigger the same pattern of Ca2+ oscillations induced by the sperm. We have recently shown that this soluble sperm factor protein is a novel form of phospholipase C (PLC), and it is referred to as PLC{zeta}(zeta). We describe the evidence that led to the identification of PLC{zeta} and discuss the issues relating to its potential role in fertilization.




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