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Menstrual cycle related differences in the proliferative responses of cultured human endometrial stromal cells to retinoic acid

Although ovarian-derived steroid hormones are central to the control of endometrial growth and secretory differentiation, all-trans retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, may also play an important role. Since the retinoids can inhibit the proliferation of both fibroblasts and epithelial cells in experimental systems, we investigated whether the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells was inhibited by all-trans retinoic acid. A sensitive spectrophotometric assay was used to show that the proliferation rates of primary cultures of endometrial stromal fibroblasts varied with the timing of biopsy, and that all-trans retinoic acid inhibited the growth of late secretory phase cells but had no effect on cells sampled at other times. Furthermore, since the expression of mRNA encoding cellular retinoic acid binding protein type II decreases in endometrial stromal cells in the secretory phase, a rise in intracellular all-trans retinoic acid concentrations could be fundamental to the control of endometrial stromal cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo.

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