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Stimulation of motility and respiration of intact fowl spermatozoa by calyculin A, a specific inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1 and -2A, via a Ca²⁺-dependent mechanism

Intact fowl spermatozoa became almost immotile at 40°C In contrast, the presence of 10–1000 nmol calyculin A l^–1, a specific inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and -2A (PP2A), permitted activation of sperm motility in a dose-dependent manner. Calyculin A also stimulated the rate of oxygen consumption by spermatozoa, and induced a concomitant decrease in ATP concentrations, suggesting a coupling of ATP hydrolysis to the rate of oxidative phosphorylation. However, the motility and oxygen consumption of spermatozoa loaded with an intracellular Ca²⁺ chelator, 1,2-bis (2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, tetraacetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM), were not stimulated by calyculin A alone, but only after the subsequent addition of 2 mmol CaCl₂ l^–1. These results suggest that inhibition of the activities of endogenous PP1 and PP2A may stimulate the motility and metabolic activity of fowl spermatozoa at 40°C via a mechanism that requires intracellular free Ca²⁺.

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