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Effect of tumour necrosis factor on rat blastocyst growth and glucose metabolism

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF-) synthesis has recently been described in the uterus during the preimplantation phase of pregnancy. The present study was undertaken to determine whether preimplantation embryos are a potential target for TNF- in rats. First, the expression of TNF- receptors by blastocysts was demonstrated by ligand binding assay with human ¹²⁵I-labelled TNF- and reverse transcription–amplification for the p60 receptor form. The functionality of these receptors was then assessed by incubating blastocysts with 3 nmol mouse TNF- l^–1 in vitro and determining their morphology and the number of cells after 24 h. At that concentration, cell proliferation in blastocysts was inhibited by TNF- but this was not accompanied by any change in the morphology of the embryos. Similar results were obtained when lower doses of TNF- (30 and 300 pmol l^–1) were tested. The rate of glucose consumption of rat blastocysts exposed to 3 nmol TNF- l^–1 was not altered when they were incubated with the cytokine for 4 h, but the rate of glucose incorporation decreased over the same period. Our data indicate that rat blastocysts are responsive to physiological concentrations of TNF- and that this cytokine has the potential to influence the preimplantation development of rats.

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